Who is in charge of our oceans?

The BOEM manages offshore energy and mineral resources, balancing energy development with environmental protection. In early 2025, President Biden issued an executive order to "permanently ban" new offshore oil and gas development in large portions of U.S. coastal waters, including areas off the East and West Coasts, the eastern Gulf of Mexico, and parts of Alaska's northern Bering Sea. This action aims to protect approximately 625 million acres of ocean from new drilling activities. BOEM is also involved in environmental impact assessments for offshore projects, as seen in its preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for a construction and operations plan in 2025. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) oversees environmental aspects of offshore drilling through mechanisms like the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits. In the Gulf of America, the EPA manages general permits for offshore oil and gas operations, regulating discharges to protect water quality. These permits are developed in collaboration with BOEM and enforced by the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE). Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designated regions where human activities, including certain types of offshore drilling, are regulated to preserve marine ecosystems. The establishment and management of MPAs are influenced by various government agencies, including BOEM and the EPA. These areas aim to protect biodiversity, support fisheries, and maintain ecological balance. In 2025, discussions around MPAs have gained prominence, with agencies working to balance conservation efforts with energy development interests. Lastly, there’s the Interagency Collaboration. These agencies collaborate to ensure that offshore drilling activities comply with environmental standards. For instance, BOEM and the EPA work together to assess the environmental impacts of proposed offshore projects, while BSEE enforces safety and environmental regulations during drilling operations. This collaborative approach aims to mitigate the environmental risks associated with offshore drilling, such as oil spills, habitat destruction, and pollution.